From a “Human Rights Hero,” a memoir of her illustrious career litigating groundbreaking cases
Today Judge Nancy Gertner dons a long black robe while presiding over court cases for the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts. But in the 1970s, when she was one of few women in a stubbornly male profession, she sported bright red suits that reflected her fearless choice of cases and her daring litigation tactics. Defending clients in some of the most prominent criminal and civil rights cases of the time, Gertner drove home the point that women lawyers belonged in our courtrooms.
In 1975, Nancy Gertner launched her legal career by defending antiwar activist Susan Saxe, who was on trial for her role in a robbery that resulted in the murder of a police officer. It was a high-profile, complex, and highly charged case. What followed for Gertner was a career of other groundbreaking firsts, as she fought her way through the boys’ club climate of the time, throwing herself into criminal and civil cases focused on women’s rights and civil liberties.
Looking back on her storied career, Gertner writes about her struggle to succeed personally and professionally while working on benchmark cases. Among her clients were a woman suing the psychiatrist who had repeatedly molested her; another on trial for murdering her abusive husband; Teresa Contardo, suing Merrill Lynch for discrimination; and Clare Dalton, suing Harvard Law School for the same offense. In her signature red suit, Nancy Gertner was always the unrepentant advocate in defense of women. But over the years she also represented a student accused of rape; Ted Anzalone, on trial for extortion; and Matthew Stuart, implicated in his brother Charles’s infamous murder of his pregnant wife.
In Defense of Women is the one-of-a-kind memoir of an exceptional, self-proclaimed “outsider lawyer.“
“Nancy Gertner’s In Defense of Women is fascinating, fearless and fun - an exemplary life told with both wisdom and warmth.”—Jeffrey Toobin, Author of The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court
“This is a wonderfully readable and involving memoir by one of the legendary lawyer advocates of our time, a determined representative of the underserved who improbably ended up on the federal bench. A terrific book.”-Scott Turow, author of Innocent
“This is a fascinating memoir of a life lived in the law with passion, guts, humor, and great skill. Nancy Gertner’s clients were lucky to have her then, and the legal system is lucky to have her today.”-Linda Greenhouse, author of Before Roe v. Wade
“An extraordinary story by an extraordinary judge! Gertner’s memoir succeeds brilliantly in explaining why women’s voices are urgently needed in the law and on the bench. This book is as irreverent, funny, and dramatic as the justice herself.”-Joyce Antler, author of You Never Call! You Never Write!
“Nancy Gertner is a courageous pioneer and brilliant jurist whose life lessons will interest anyone who has ever stood in a courtroom, fought for a cause, or juggled a demanding career and loving family.”-Rosabeth Moss Kanter, author of SuperCorp
“Nancy Gertner’s book should be required reading at every law school in the country where women-and men-are learning these days that they have to choose between a successful legal career and their deepest convictions about justice. She is living proof that you don’t have to sacrifice one for the other. You can have it all. Indeed, she has done it all.” -Ellen Goodman, author of Paper Trail
“A riveting legal memoir by a superstar lawyer, a compassionate judge and a page turning writer. In Defense of Women is a rare treat: an insider with an outsider’s perspective speaking truth about power.” -Alan M. Dershowitz, author of Supreme Injustice
Reviews
Review: Ms. JD - September 2, 2011
“…[A] must read for any feminist attorneys. Readers will find Gertner’s honesty, humor, and bravery refreshing.”
Review: Senior Women - August 1, 2011
“In this season of television re-runs, devotees of Law and Order orThe Good Wife would do well to turn off the tube, and sit down with Gertner’s book. They might pull an all-nighter.”
Review: Kirkus Reviews - March 15, 2011
“[A] thoroughly engaging, outspoken memoir…She writes this memoir to preserve her pre-judge identity as an advocate, as well as to remind the next generation of women, particularly those rejecting feminism, of the choices she and her contemporaries fought hard to maintain.”
Review: Publisher's Weekly - February 15, 2011
“Gertner adeptly describes insider courtroom strategy as well as both the blatant and insidious institutional sexism she faced. Her story is a well-told reflection of the growth and growing pains of the legal system regarding women as advocates, educators, plaintiffs, and defendants.”
Chapter Ten A “Real” Feminist
Peter, my fourteen-month-old, was up all night before the closing. The trial of a woman accused of murdering her husband, who had beaten her, was two hours away in Springfield, Massachusetts. I spent every other night there, to minimize the time away from the boys. With absolutely no sleep, except a few minutes in the car, I was going on pure adrenaline.
I pace back and forth in the silent courtroom telling Lisa Grimshaw’s story, a story so very far from my own:
She was the youngest of three sisters. The older two had been raised in comfort, but by the time Lisa was ten, her father was unemployed. Often drunk, he would fly into unpredictable rages. At first, the target was his wife, but soon it was Lisa. Alone with her father after school, the abuse turned sexual.
Remember the sound of her voice as she had described the pink bedspread on which he violated her. She seemed like a child, reexperiencing the pain.
At fourteen, she fled to Darryl Fredette. He was twenty-one, a batterer too, her face his favorite target. “I was the one who knocked out her front teeth!” he had crowed at trial. A son is born, Darryl Brandon Fredette, a boy so badly retarded that, within months, he was placed in foster care.
Then from Darryl to Tom Grimshaw. After moving to Miami, Tom could not find work, and like Lisa’s father, he began drinking and beating her, drinking and beating. She fled; he followed.
They reconciled. But when he found out that she was pregnant, he threatened to cut the baby out. Still, they stayed together. She loved him, she said.
Chad was born, this time, a normal son. They married and soon, much too soon, there were 911 calls, restraining orders, and finally, divorce. Now Tom’s visits to Chad were an occasion to torture her. Remember her testimony? One incident more degrading than the next--forcing her to have sex by threatening her with scalding water, handcuffing her while she slept, raping her when she awoke. Wherever she moved, he stalked her, found her, beat her.
Five months before Tom’s death, November 21, 1984, in the middle of the night, Lisa awoke to the sound of breaking glass. She had changed the locks to this new apartment, even nailed the windows shut, but Tom smashed them open. In the fight that followed, he knocked her front teeth out with a hammer--the second time her teeth were bashed at the hands of an abusive lover.
- - - -
I pause. I bring a chair directly in front of the jury. I sit down, lean over as far as I can, and wrap my arms around my legs. This was as close to a fetal position as I could get, dressed as I was in court clothes and heels. For my closing, I will relive Lisa’s story of the hours before Tom’s death. I will transform myself into her.
June 3, 1985. Tom picked up Chad. They fought; she bargained: “You can have him now, but don’t give me shit when I come to get him.” When she returned, there was a struggle. Chad, only four, ran into the middle of the street. An oncoming car missed him by inches. Tom grabbed Lisa’s keys and struck her with them. She scrambled away, grabbing spare keys and her young son.
Back in her apartment, safe for the time being, she drank and drank, sitting in a chair, staring at the apartment door.
And, as I recite these facts, I slowly rock back and forth, staring into space.
Every sound frightened her; Tom would surely break in at any minute. Then, taking on her voice, I say: And this time, he will kill me or Chad. This time he will really do it.
I shiver.
Two men, acquaintances really, came to the door after a night’s drinking. Lisa had met Michael Bruyette at her job at Bo’s Lounge in Chicopee. She was just twenty-three; he, nineteen. Michael Ashey, sixteen, hung out with Bruyette. Lisa complained about her husband’s abuse. Bruyette, wooing her with his machismo, once threatened Tom on the phone. Lisa told Bruyette and Ashey what happened that night. Bruyette announced: “OK, that’s it, let’s go.” In her alcoholic haze, she said, “OK.”
Bruyette called the shots: Ashey’s older brother, Ronald, would babysit for Chad. “You pick up Tom at work,” Bruyette said. “We’ll do the rest.”
She met Tom as he was leaving the night shift. “I’m horny,” she told him. They drove to a remote area. When they stopped, she said, “You walk on. I have to pee.” Instead, she returned to her car, hands frozen to the wheel. The idea was to beat Tom, not kill him, but Bruyette and Ashey got carried away.
A very young woman, lurching from moment to moment, driven by her fear, her past, the abuse, the torture, believes that she has no choice but to fight back.
My voice breaks. I stop speaking, but rock slowly--my eyes closed.
Francis Bloom, an assistant DA in Springfield, Hamden County, stands up. He shouts. He paces. He is furious, his words dripping with contempt, as he counters:
Lisa was conniving and manipulative. A cold-blooded murderer. She had taken a nineteen-year-old and a sixteen-year-old, Bruyette and Ashey, “plied” them with sex in one case, alcohol in another, and promised them the proceeds of Tom’s life insurance policy. She “lured” her husband to the boat ramp, in the middle of the night, where these two hired assassins were waiting behind a tree, knowing that they were going to splatter his brains all over the rocks.
Then he turns to the details: the officers who had found the body in the early morning hours, its battered condition, the contents of Tom Grimshaw’s wallet tossed contemptuously in the dumpster en route from the Chicopee boat ramp, the brother’s heartrending testimony when he described the last time he saw Tom. From what he could see of Tom and Lisa’s marriage--and he saw them all the time--it was entirely normal.
Bloom recounts the testimony of Michael and Ronald Ashey in a rapid-fire narrative: Ronald, the older brother, who babysat for Chad while Lisa and Bruyette killed Chad’s father, was charged as an accessory before the fact of first-degree murder. Michael, who had accompanied the others to the boat ramp, was charged as a co-conspirator.
Lisa promised them money from an insurance policy on her husband’s life in return for the murder. Sure, she talked about her husband’s brutality, not because it was true--but because she was manipulating them. Just as she was manipulating you.
Bloom pauses to glare at the jury.
When she told Bruyette and Ashey about the November 1984 hammer incident, she had added, “I want him dead.” Bruyette was her special focus. She was sleeping with him, leading him on. Killing her husband was the return on her investment in these boys.
This was no spur-of-the-moment, no instant crime of passion. It was planned, and Lisa was the ringleader. Bruyette and Michael had picked up bats from Tom Grimshaw’s house some time before the killing. She told them where to go. When she arrived at the boat ramp, she signaled them. Hardly sleepwalking, frozen, or dazed. And afterwards, when they left Tom moaning, grievously injured, she conspired about disposing of the body (“throw it in the river”) and covering up the crime (“wash the car”).
It was cold-blooded, first-degree murder, murder for hire, nothing more, nothing less.
- - - -
From afar, this was an easy case for me--easier than the political corruption trials that I had recently finished, easier than the runof- the-mill murder case. This was, after all, Gertner the feminist, representing a battered woman. True, Lisa set in motion the night’s events, but should the law hold her responsible? Wasn’t the killing committed in self-defense because of her state of mind, the psychological condition known as “battered woman syndrome,” and therefore legally excused
But it was not easy on many fronts--professional, political, and now personal. Should battered woman syndrome/self-defense excuse such an act entirely, with a not-guilty verdict, or should it mitigate the outcome with a finding of manslaughter, a lower sentence? What about other so-called syndromes that lead to killings-- road rage, homosexual fear, “Twinkie” defenses? Or the “white fear” that a small white man, Bernard Goetz, claimed justified his shooting of four black teenagers on a New York subway? What about the “black rage” of any African American treated with contempt by our culture? If we exonerate one, do we exonerate them all
I could not forget that a man, a father, had been killed. At this stage in my career, I could not pretend that the legal discourse framed all the complicated issues in this human drama.
But had I finally learned to just say whatever it took in court, what I didn’t believe in, craft so totally trumping principle? No. But, sixteen years into the practice of law, I understood advocacy and its boundaries, complex reality and simple trial narratives. Trials, unlike one-sided grand jury investigations, are competing narratives, as Janet Malcolm once noted in The Crime of Sheila McGough--my version versus their version. Life, though, is chaotic; when you shoehorn it into neat stories, it is no longer, strictly speaking, the truth. Advocacy colors both sides. Lawyers are, after all, storytellers--even caricaturists--not reporters. And when the issues are complex, as in Lisa’s case, the distance between a trial’s stories and life’s stories widens.
Still, there were limits to how far I was willing to go to separate legal argument and life--especially now that my time was more limited, my life more complex. These were not just the traditional ethical limits on lawyers. I had to believe in the cause, the person, the issues, or some combination. The label “a feminist case” was not enough. Why, then, this person and this case
Preface
Chapter one The Revolutionary and the Radical Lawyer
Chapter two The All-Women Team
Chapter three Saving Her Life, Inventing Mine
Chapter four You Want Me? I Want You!
Chapter five Psychiatry, Malpractice, and Feminism
Chapter six The Right to Choose All of Lifeís Roles
Chapter seven Choosing Love and Work
Chapter eight Fighting at City Hall
Chapter nine Work and Babies
Chapter ten A ìRealî Feminist
Chapter eleven A ìSo-Calledî Feminist
Chapter twelve Sexual Harassment Pays; Sex Discrimination Doesnít
Chapter thirteen Glass Ceilings at the School of Law
Chapter fourteen Murder and Racism
Chapter fifteen From Red Dress to Black Robe
- Click here to read Judge Gertner's perspective piece "On Being Judged" in Boston Globe Magazine
- Click here to see In Defense of Women featured as No.#8 on the Boston Globe Bestseller List under “Nonfiction"
- Click here to read about Judge Gertner's recent appearance at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
- Click here to read a review of Judge Gertner's memoir on the blog Healthy Tipping Point
- Judge Nancy Gertner on WBUR's Emily Rooney Show, May 16th, 2011; click here to listen
- Click here to read an article about Judge Gertner's retirement on the blog Feminist Law Professors
- Judge Nancy Gertner on WBUR's Radio Boston, May 4th, 2011; click here to listen
- Judge Nancy Gertner on WGBH's Greater Boston, April 25th, 2011; click here to listen
- Click here to read Judge Gertner's perspective piece "On Being Judged" in Boston Globe Magazine
- Click here to read Judge Gertner's op-ed in the Boston Globe
- Click here to watch Nancy Gertner on NECN's Broadside